名词后缀大全
常见名词后缀按功能可分为表人/职业、表抽象概念/状态、表行为/结果、表小/女性/量几类。
👤 表示“人”或“职业”的后缀
| 后缀 | 含义 | 人教版3500词内举例 |
| -er | 做某事的人 / 职业 | teacher, worker, driver, singer, writer, farmer |
| -or | 做某事的人 / 职业 | actor, doctor, visitor, inventor, sailor |
| -ist | 从事…的人；…主义者 | artist, scientist, tourist, journalist, dentist, chemist, pianist |
| -ian / -an | 精通…的人；…地方的人 | musician, politician, Canadian, Australian |
| -ant / -ent | 做某事的人 | assistant, servant, student |
| -ee | 受动者；处于某情况的人 | employee, interviewee |
💭 表示“抽象概念 / 状态 / 性质”的后缀
| 后缀 | 含义 | 人教版3500词内举例 |
| -tion / -sion / -ion | 动作、状态、结果 | information, education, discussion, decision, conclusion |
| -ment | 行为、状态、结果 | government, development, agreement, movement, achievement |
| -ness | 性质、状态 | happiness, kindness, illness, darkness, weakness |
| -ity / -ty | 性质、状态 | ability, activity, quality, reality, society, responsibility |
| -ance / -ence | 状态、性质、行为 | importance, performance, appearance, confidence, experience |
| -ship | 身份、状态、关系 | friendship, membership, leadership, relationship, scholarship |
| -hood | 身份、时期、状态 | childhood, neighbourhood |
| -dom | 状态、领域 | freedom, kingdom, wisdom |
| -th | 性质、过程、结果 | truth, health, growth, strength, length, warmth |
| -ism | 主义、行为、特征 | socialism, Marxism |
🔄 表示“行为 / 结果 / 集合”的后缀
| 后缀 | 含义 | 人教版3500词内举例 |
| -al | 行为、动作 | arrival, survival, approval, refusal |
| -age | 集合、状态、费用 | marriage, baggage, package, percentage, storage |
| -ure | 行为、结果 | failure, pressure, pleasure, mixture, temperature |
| -ing | 行为、结果、事物 | building, meeting, feeling, beginning |
| -ery / -ry | 性质、行为、场所 | slavery, bravery, bakery |
🔹 其他特殊功能后缀
| 后缀 | 含义 | 人教版3500词内举例 |
| -ess | 女性 | actress, waitress |
| -ful | 充满…的量 | handful, mouthful |
| -ese | …地方的人；语言 | Chinese, Japanese |
说明：以上后缀均可在人教版3500词范围内找到对应例词。同一后缀可能有多种含义（如 -er 既可表人也可表物），表中主要列出表示人或抽象概念的高频用法。